The main challenge with TKI targeted therapies for lung cancer is that many patients who initially benefit from them eventually develop resistance. Cancer cells can adapt and mutate to bypass the effects of TKIs, leading to disease progression.

Research is ongoing to address this resistance, including using multiple TKIs simultaneously, developing new inhibitors, and combining TKIs with other treatments like chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

When cancer progresses after TKI treatment, doctors may recommend a biopsy to determine the next steps based on the patient’s individual circumstances.