Immunotherapy – or immuno-oncology (IO) as it is sometimes referred to – for lung cancer aims to boost the body’s immune response to prevent the disease from bypassing the immune system.  It is a type of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and more recently also for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). It works by helping our body’s immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. However, we should be aware that immunotherapy does not directly treat lung cancer.